Chapter One Moral Arguments and Morality
1. Moral Discussions
2. Moral Philosophy
3. The Burden of Proof
4. Moral, Amoral, and Immoral
Chapter Two Doubts about Morality
1. The Retreat to Relativism
Naïve Moral Relativism
Subjective Moral Relativism
Situational Moral Relativism2. Moral Skepticism
3. Moral Realism and Moral Anti-realism
4. Non-Cognitivism
5. The Error TheoryThe Argument from Relativity
The Argument from Queerness6. Moral Realism vs. Moral Anti-realism
Chapter Three Divine Commands and Attitudes: Religious Morality
1. Gods as Enforcers
2. Revelation and Divination
3. What to Believe?
4. Divine Commands and Moral ObligationGod’s Power
Ownership and Creation
God as Parent
For the Love of God
Goodness and Perfection5. Another Argument—Intelligible and Unintelligible Beings
6. Conclusion
Chapter Four Reason and Experience: Secular Morality
1. Secular Moralists
2. Three Empiricist Attempts to Develop a Secular Morality
3. The Projection of Moral Sentiments—Hume and Mackie
4. Immanuel Kant
5. Intuitionism
6. Making Moralism True by DefinitionSubjective Definitions
Non-subjective Definitions7. Conclusion
Chapter Five A Survey of Moral Theories
1. Metaethics
2. Normative Ethics
3. Non-moral Uses of Evaluative Language
4. Value
5. ObligationConsequentialism
Objections to Utilitarianism
Deontology6. Rights
Chapter Six Amoralists, Critics, Pseudo-amoralists, and Moral Abolitionists
1. Criticizing Amoralism
2. Pseudo-amoralistsCallicles
Nietzsche3. From Amoralism to Moral Abolitionism
Chapter Seven Desires and Emotions
1. What to do about Desires and Emotions
2. A Middle Way—Have Fewer or Weaker onesThe Epicureans
The Stoics
Greek and Roman Techniques
Buddhism
Karma Yoga
Wu-wei3. Conclusion
Chapter Eight Decisions and Socialization
1. Making Decisions
2. Our Decider
3. SocializationPunishment and Reward
Alleged Natural Consequences
Supernatural Encouragement
Lies and Deception
World-views
Slogans and Aphorisms
Guilt and Shame
Ritual
“Moral” Fiction
Humor
Music
Morality
Chapter Nine Language and a Clear View
1. Language
2. Cleaning our ToolsVagueness
Ambiguity
Emotive Meaning
Grumbling and Muttering
Catastrophizing3. Search for the Cure
Sextus Empiricus
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Buddha and the Buddhists4. Tools for Clarity and Health
Chapter Ten The Ways of Harmony and Control
1. The Way of Control
The Legalists
Confucius and the Confucians
Plato2. The Way of Harmony
Hemispheric Specialization, Dominance, and Imperialism
Smashing Hemispheric Imperialism
Reprogramming for Harmony3. Examples and Exercises
Weather
Bees and other Dangerous Animals
Vegetables and other Disagreeable Eats
Driving a Car
Walking in a (Large) Crowd
Looking at things from a Different Point of View
Listening
Yielding and Compromising
Giving
Forgiving
Saying “Joy to the World” and Meaning it4. Conclusion
Chapter Eleven Applied Ethics, Part One
1. Applied Ethics
The Interest in Applied Ethics
Applying Ethics2. Abolishing Morality
3. Thought Experiments and Actual Decisions
4. Crime, Punishment, and the Death Penalty
5. Reproductive IssuesAbortion
Stem Cell Research
Contraception6. Suicide and Euthanasia
Chapter Twelve Applied Ethics, Part Two
1. People
2. War
3 Animals
4. The Environment
5. Censorship
6. Sex, Drugs, and Rock and Roll
7. Last Conclusion